chapter 16

Social change is the transformation of culture and social institutions over time. This process has four major characteristics. Social change happens all the time like our thoughts about our average life span. Social change is sometime intentional but often unplanned, like the damage to the environment by cars after they were invent to replace horses. Social change is controversial like replacing urine and manure from horses with carbon monoxide. Some change matters more than other like changes in fads compared to the invention of computers.

15

Before cities people were hunter gatherers. They were always on the move. Cities let them stay in one place. Cities also had higher living standards than rural areas. Suburbs are urban areas beyond the political boundaries of a city. After world war 2, thanks to more cars, more roads, more pay, and cheaper houses, more people could live in the suburbs. I prefer to live in the suburbs because although I do like the hustle of a city I don’t think I could stand it all day every day.

An environmental deficit is profound log-term harm to the natural environment caused by man’s focus on short-term material affluence. The concept of environmental deficit is important for three reasons. It reminds us that environmental concern is our concern. It suggest that much of the damage is done unintentionally. The deficit is reversible.

chapter 14

I think there aren’t enough rules in schools or at home. Kids usually think they can do whatever they want and since teachers cant smack the crap out of them, they do. This pattern usually continues as they get older and can lead to violence. They should let teachers be stricter and parents should smack their kids when they cant behave.

In America we have a direct fee system. A direct fee system is when patients pay directly for the services of physicians or hospitals. America pays for just 42 percent of this country’s medical cost.

There are three types of insurance programs in America. The first insurance programs, private, provide benefits to employers and labor unions. The second, public, includes Medicare and Medicaid. Publics helps older people. A health maintenance organization provides medical care to subscribers for a fixed fee.

chapter 13

The four functions of the family are socialization, regulation of sexual activity, social placement, material and emotional security. You socialize with your family before going out into the real world so they kind of prepare you to be able to interact with others. Your family tells you what you can and cannot have sex with. Families pass on their social identities to their children. Your family offers you protection, when all else fails you can normally count on your family to help you out.

Gautama Buddha was the founder of Buddhism. The prophet Muhammad was the founder of Islam. Both were religious leader trying to help their fellow man. Charles Manson and Jim Jones however were cult leaders and killed many people

chapter 12

Because of the information revolution workers are doing easier work where you have to think more, like a computer programmer or architect. There are less people working in factories because we have automated machines or robots to do the work for free. Workers require less mechanical skills and more literary skills. The industrial revolution require people to be able to read, right, and use a computer; without those skills a worker was less likely to be successful. Workers were no longer confined to factories and can work from home. A smart phone nowadays has everything and more than you need in an office.

Far right on the political spectrum are extremely conservatives and far left on the spectrum are extremely liberals. Social liberals support equal rights and conservatives support the death penalty. Republicans are usually more conservative, while Democrats are usually more liberal.

chapter 11

Pluralism is a state in which people of all races and ethnicities are different but have equal social standings. Assimilation is when minorities gradually adapt to life and the patterns of the dominate culture. Segregation is the physical and social separation of categories of people.

Living in panama I had to assimilate to the cultures way of life. The water was a little hazy but I had to drink so I got used to it. Cold showers suck at first but you eventually get used to it. If you live in a different culture for long enough your bound to assimilate.

Genocide is the systematic killing of one category of people by another. Genocide occurred when Europeans wiped out most of the native Americans. Josef Stalin killed 30 million people he thought was a threat during his rule. Between 1975 and 1980 Cambodia’s communist regime murdered two million capitalist. Genocide is bad and should never be done.

chapter 10

Men are 10 percent taller, 20 percent heavier, and 30 percent stronger. Women live longer, with a life expectancy of 82 years while men have a life expectancy of 75 years. Women used to not be allowed vote because they were thought to be too dumb. I think that men claiming to be smarter than women claim as means of controls, not to present facts. Women are just as smart as men.

Feminism is support of social equality for men and women, in opposition to patriarchy and sexism. Feminist want to increase equality for men and women. They want men and women to not be confined to just one sexes views and qualities. They oppose laws that limit the education, income, and job opportunities of women. Feminist want to end sexual violence and promote sexual freedom.